突尼斯原教旨主义者正在断送阿拉伯之春cnn

Op-Ed Contributor
Killing the Arab Spring in Its Cradle
By KARIMA BENNOUNE August 02, 2013
观点
突尼斯原教旨主义者正在断送阿拉伯之春
卡里玛·贝努姆 2013年08月02日
 TUNIS — MOHAMED BRAHMI, the liberal politician who was [要查看本链接请先注册并登录] outside his home here last Thursday, was born in Sidi Bouzid, the same town where a desperate fruit vendor set himself on fire in December 2010, triggering the Tunisian revolution — and the Arab Spring.
突尼斯——上周四在自家住宅外遇刺的自由派政界人士穆罕默德·布拉米(Mohamed Brahmi)出生于西迪布济德镇。2010年12月，正是在同一个小镇上，一名水果小贩的自焚引发了突尼斯的那场革命，以及阿拉伯之春。
The Islamist party Ennahda, which governs [要查看本链接请先注册并登录], has [要查看本链接请先注册并登录] the killing — as well as the assassination, nearly six months ago, of Chokri Belaid, a prominent human rights advocate — on a young weapons smuggler who has ties to Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb.
[要查看本链接请先注册并登录]的伊斯兰派执政党伊斯兰复兴运动党(Ennahda)将此次刺杀事件，以及近半年前著名人权倡导者肖克里·贝莱德(Chokri Belaid)的遇袭归咎于一名年轻的武器走私商，此人与伊斯兰马格里布的基地组织有联系。
But Ennahda itself bears much of the blame. It should be recognized, and condemned, for being the radical party that it is: a party that has created a climate for escalating fundamentalist violence that threatens the lives of liberal and secular activists.
但伊斯兰复兴运动党自己应该承担大部分责任。人们应该意识到它是一个激进派政党，并对其进行谴责，该政党制造了一种令原教旨主义暴力升级的氛围，对自由派和世俗活动人士构成了死亡威胁。

The Western media have portrayed Ennahda as an innocuous voice of moderation, but it has been pushing for a constitution — one Mr. Brahmi vocally opposed — that would lay the foundations for a repressive Islamic state.
西方媒体把伊斯兰复兴运动党描述成宣扬温和的无害声音，但它却一直在力促通过一部宪法，这部宪法会为一个专制的伊斯兰国家奠定基础，布拉米生前曾高声反对该宪法。
Earlier this month, at a rally here supporting the ousted Islamist president of Egypt, Mohamed Morsi, Sahbi Atig, the head of the Ennahda bloc in Tunisia’s Constituent Assembly, [要查看本链接请先注册并登录]: “All those who dare to kill the will of the people in Tunisia or in Egypt, the Tunisian street will be authorized to do what it wants with — including to shed their blood.” *** leaders condemned his remarks, but commentators have understandably connected them to the death of Mr. Brahmi, who had called the overthrow of Mr. Morsi a “correction in the trajectory of Egypt’s revolution.”
本月早些时候，在本地一次支持被罢黜的埃及伊斯兰派总统穆罕默德·穆尔西(Mohamed Morsi)的集会上，突尼斯制宪议会(Constituent Assembly)中伊斯兰复兴党一派的领袖萨赫比·埃提格(Sahbi Atig)警告说：“对所有那些胆敢扼杀突尼斯或埃及人民意志的人，我们将准许在突尼斯的街头做应当做的事情，包括让他们流血。”党内领导人谴责了他的言论，但评论人士已将这些言论同布拉米的死联系在了一起，这是可以理解的。布拉米曾说推翻穆尔西是“对埃及革命路线的修正”。
Since it attained independence from France in 1956, Tunisia has had some of the region’s most progressive laws relating to women and families. Ennahda is trying to undo those laws. Amel Grami, an intellectual historian at Manouba University, whose campus was besieged last year by Salafi activists opposed to women’s equality, [要查看本链接请先注册并登录] the Arab Spring has “triggered a male identity crisis” that has strengthened the ultraconservative positions taken by Islamist parties. In Tunisia, he has noted, fundamentalists have [要查看本链接请先注册并登录] for girls as young as 12 to don the hijab and niqab, veils used by observant women. An Ennahda lawmaker has called for “purification of the media and purification of intellectuals,” while another Ennahda deputy, a woman, has urged segregation of public transportation by gender. Some Islamists have spoken of legalizing [要查看本链接请先注册并登录], a practice largely foreign to Tunisia.
自1956年从法国获得独立之后，突尼斯一些有关女性和家庭的法律是该地区最进步的。伊斯兰复兴党正试图取消这些法律。马努巴大学(Manouba University)思想史学家阿迈勒·格拉米(Amel Grami)说，阿拉伯之春已经“引发了一场男性身份危机”，危机巩固了伊斯兰派政党所持的极端保守的立场。他指出，在突尼斯，原教旨主义者要求年仅12岁的女孩穿戴严守规矩的女性使用的头巾和面纱。伊斯兰复兴党的一名议员要求“净化媒体和知识分子”，而该党的另一名女议员则敦促按性别在公共交通领域进行隔离。一些伊斯兰主义者已经提到要让[要查看本链接请先注册并登录]合法化，这种做法对多数突尼斯人仍是陌生的。
Many Tunisians I interviewed in the last month — in the political opposition, in academia, in the women’s movement — told me that they felt threatened. “You are all Mohamed Brahmi,” one mourner chanted on Thursday evening, among those weeping outside the slain activist’s home.
我在过去一周采访的许多突尼斯人告诉我，他们觉得受到了威胁，他们有的是政治反对派，有的是学术界的，还有的是从事女性运动的。“你们都是穆罕默德·布拉米，”一名哀悼者在周四晚上唱道，这名哀悼者是在这位遇袭身亡的活动人士的家外面泪流满面的人之一。
“The entire left is under threat,” a young female activist in the southern city of Sfax, whose party is in the Popular Front coalition to which Mr. Brahmi belonged, said earlier this month. Just last week, a law professor and women’s rights activist, Sana Ben Achour, warned of the real possibility of violence. “We must be very vigilant,” she warned me.
“整个左翼都受到了威胁，”一名年轻的女性活动人士本月早些时候在南方的斯法克斯市说。她所在的政党参加了人民阵线(Popular Front)联盟，布拉米也属于该联盟。就在上周，法学教授、女权活动人士萨娜·本·阿舒尔(Sana Ben Achour)还提醒注意眼下极有可能发生暴力事件。“我们必须非常警惕，”她警告我说。
Neighboring Algeria plunged into such bloodshed in 1991, after the military took control of the government to prevent Islamists from taking power. The ensuing civil war lasted more than a decade.
1991年，在军方为防止伊斯兰主义者当权而控制了政府后，邻国阿尔及利亚陷入了类似的流血冲突。接着发生的内战持续了十多年。
To prevent Tunisia from going the way of Algeria, all anti-fundamentalist groups must unite — which they are beginning to do — and they will need the sort of international support Algeria’s secular democrats never received. Western governments must pressure the Tunisian authorities to protect those at risk. But so far, the European Union and the United States, focused on Syria and Egypt, have mostly turned a blind eye.
为了防止突尼斯重蹈阿尔及利亚的覆辙，所有反原教旨主义的团体必须联合起来。这些团体正在开始这么做，它们将需要阿尔及利亚的世俗民主人士从未得到过的那种国际支持。西方政府必须迫使突尼斯当局保护那些身处险境的人。但迄今为止，注意力全放在叙利亚和埃及上的欧盟和美国对此几乎视而不见。
Mourad Sakli, director of the International Festival of Carthage, a cultural event, said the killing of Mr. Brahmi would only strengthen “our determination to defend our rights to culture and to life, our right to be different and our right to free thought.” I attended this year’s festival on July 20, in a packed amphitheater here, where a crowd of young people and families — some women in miniskirts, and some in hijabs — sang jubilantly with the Algerian singer-songwriter [要查看本链接请先注册并登录] until 1 in the morning, in Arabic, French and a little Berber: “We will dance, and we will love. C’est la vie.”
文化活动迦太基国际联欢节(International Festival of Carthage)总监穆拉德·萨克利(Mourad Sakli)说，布拉米遇刺身亡只会增强“我们捍卫自己权力的决心，我们应当享受文化和生活的权利、保持个体差异的权利以及自由思考的权利。”我参加了今年7月20日举行的联欢节，是在一个拥挤的露天剧场举行的。在那里，年轻人和家人——里面有穿着超短裙的女性，也有一些戴着头巾——在一起，跟着阿尔及利亚创作歌手谢卜·哈立德([要查看本链接请先注册并登录])一直欢唱到凌晨1点。他们用阿拉伯语、法语和少许柏柏尔语唱道：“我们会跳舞，我们会相爱。这就是人生。”
That mood of joy has been replaced by an atmosphere that the Tunisian newspaper La Presse described on Sunday as “insurrectional.”
周日，突尼斯报纸《新闻报》(La Presse)形容说，欢乐的气氛已经被一种“动乱”的氛围所取代。
Dozens of delegates are boycotting the Constituent Assembly, the body charged with drafting a new constitution, whose legal mandate technically expired last October. They want it to be replaced by a “national salvation government” that can call new elections.
数十名代表对负责起草新宪法的机构制宪议会发起了抵制，严格来说，该机构的合法授权已于去年12月到期。这些代表希望，用一个能够举行新选举的“救国政府”取代该机构。
One delegate, Nadia Châabane, stood amid hundreds of female demonstrators, some cloaked in the Tunisian flag, who faced off against a smaller, all-male phalanx chanting “God is great” and waving the black Salafi flag. “Islam has survived here for 14 centuries,” she told me. “It is not under threat. The solution to our problems is economic, not religious.”
代表之一纳迪娅·沙班(Nadia Châabane)站在数百名女性示威者当中，和一个规模较小的方阵对峙而立，该方阵全部都是男性，其成员叫喊着“真主至大”，挥舞着黑色的萨拉菲(Salafi)派旗帜，而一些女性示威者则身披突尼斯国旗。沙班对我说，“伊斯兰教已在这里存活了14个世纪。它没有受到威胁。要解决问题，需要从经济方面入手，而不是宗教方面。”
On Saturday, Mr. Brahmi was laid to rest before some 30,000 mourners. One of them, a female lawyer who scaled the cemetery’s walls after finding the entrance blocked, said: “We’ve been taken hostage by religious fundamentalists. Now we the people have decided to take back our country and our revolution.”
周六，布拉米在3万名哀悼者面前下葬。其中的一名哀悼者说，“我们一直是宗教原教旨主义者的人质。现在，人民已经决定，夺回我们的国家和和我们的革命成果。”这名哀悼者是一名女律师，她发现墓地入口被封堵之后，就翻越了墓地的围墙入内。
Will the West have the courage and vision to help her, and others across North Africa, who are speaking up for freedom and human rights through peaceful protest? If not, the Arab Spring may die in the country where it was born.
西方是否有勇气和远见帮助她，以及正在通过和平抗议为自由和人权辩护的其他北非人民？如果西方做不到这一点，阿拉伯之春有可能会被断送在它的发源地。


[要查看本链接请先注册并登录], a professor of law at the University of California, Davis, is the author of the forthcoming book “Your Fatwa Does Not Apply Here: Untold Stories From the Fight Against Muslim Fundamentalism.”
 


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卡里玛·贝努姆([要查看本链接请先注册并登录])是加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校(University of California, Davis)法学教授，以及即将出版的新书《你的圣令在这里不适用：不为人知的反穆斯林原教旨主义故事》(Your Fatwa Does Not Apply Here: Untold Stories From the Fight Against Muslim Fundamentalism)的作者。